### Apache Web Server ###

  1. WWW Web Server
  2. Modular


Tasks:
 1. Install Apache 2.2x
  a. httpd*rpm

/etc/httpd - top-level configuration container on RH5
/etc/httpd/conf - primary configuration directory

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf - primary Apache configuration file

/etc/httpd/conf.d - drop-in configuration directory, read by Apache upon startup

 2. Explorer: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

  a. HTTPD runs as: apache:apache
  b. Apache maintains, always, a 'main' server, which is independent of Virtual Hosts. This server is a catch-all for traffic that doesn't match any of the defined virtual hosts.

  c. <Directory> directive governs file system access.
Note: The primary Apache process runs as 'root', and has access to the full file system. However, <Directory> directive restricts the web-user's view of the file system.

  d. Test access to '.ht*' files from web root

  e. ErrorLog logs/error_log - default error log file for ALL hosts
  f. logs/access_log - default log file for default server

 Note: Every directory, outside of the 'DocumentRoot' should have at least one: <Directory> directive defined.

 3. Start Apache and continue to explore
  a. service httpd start
root     31324     1  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache   31326 31324  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache   31327 31324  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache   31328 31324  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache   31329 31324  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache   31330 31324  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache   31331 31324  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache   31332 31324  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache   31333 31324  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd

Note: Parent Apache runs as 'root' and can see the entire file system
Note: However, children processes run as 'apache' and can only see files/directories that 'apache:apache' can see

 4. Create an Alias for content outside of the web root (/var/www/html)
  a. Alias /testalias1 /var/www/testalias1
     <Directory /var/www/testalias1>
    AllowOverride Non
    order allow,deny
    allow from all
     </Directory>

 5. Ensure that Apache will start when the system boots
  a. chkconfig --level 35 httpd on && chkconfig --list httpd

Virtual Hosts Configuration:
 Features:
  1. Ability to share/serve content based on 1 or more IP addresses
  2. Supports 2 modes of Virtual Hosts:
   a. IP Based - one site per IP address
   b. Host header names - multiple sites per IP address


Tasks:
  1. Create IP Based Virtual Hosts
   a. ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.75.210
   b. Configure the Virtual Host:

<VirtualHost 192.168.75.210>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@linuxcbtserv4.linuxcbt.internal
    ServerName site1.linuxcbt.internal
    DocumentRoot /var/www/site1
    <Directory /var/www/site1>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    CustomLog logs/site1.linuxcbt.internal.access.log combined
    ErrorLog logs/site1.linuxcbt.internal.error.log
</VirtualHost>

  c. Create: /var/www/site1 and content
  d. Update: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf with VHost information


 2. Create Name-based Virtual Hosts using the primary IP address
  a. /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
   NameVirtualHost 192.168.75.199:80

<VirtualHost 192.168.75.199:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@linuxcbtserv4.linuxcbt.internal
    ServerName site3.linuxcbt.internal
    DocumentRoot /var/www/site3
    <Directory /var/www/site3>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    CustomLog logs/site3.linuxcbt.internal.access.log combined
    ErrorLog logs/site3.linuxcbt.internal.error.log
</VirtualHost>